FINAL EXAM GRADES (over 50)

Student ID , Final
2005101564, 35
2003103427, 0
2007460152, 21
2006100427, 33.5
2006103583, 35.5
2006104672, 40
2006103406, 38
2005102629, 24
2006101516, 33.5
2006100265, 38.5
2007460158, 15.5
2006104387, 0
2005103505, 11
2005102725, 35
2003000215, 0
2006101327, 23.5
2006102419, 37
2006101456, 14.5
2004103070, 0
2006100919, 41.5
2006102014, 38
2006101027, 43
2006102641, 36
2006100439, 27
2006104327, 36.5
2006103877, 46
2007300067, 49.5
2006102785, 31.5
2006104093, 0
2006101552, 47
2006104441, 38
2003100025, 0
2004102104, 0
2005100130, 38.5
2006100880, 0
2006100229, 10.5
2006100454, 36
2006101579, 40
2006104489, 40
2003103529, 37
2005104747, 0
2006101183, 47
2007101435, 0
2005100166, 40
2006102902, 30.5
2006103565, 44
2006101498, 24
2007102935, 30.5
2007103130, 42
2006100136, 38
2005101468, 25
2006102521, 42
2003101549, 0
2007100295, 36.5
2005200069, 0
2005100229, 26.5
2007300061, 48
2006101078, 38.5
2006102794, 34.5
2006101582, 42
2006101483, 26
2006104102, 3.5
2006101804, 30
2006102941, 35.5
2006101753, 42.5
2006100067, 0
2006103994, 39.5
2005102347, 41
2006101228, 37
2006101939, 47
2006103946, 44
2005101144, 38
2006101264, 46
2007100358, 43
2007102590, 46
2004100046, 0
2005101417, 38.5
2005200077, 25
2006100151, 31.5
2006104606, 43
2006101447, 34
2006102326, 29.5
2004102374, 37
2001100082, 0
2007103976, 45
2006100205, 45
2006100928, 34
2004104489, 0
2001103469, 0
2005102599, 18.5
2002100307, 0
2004102221, 0
2006104264, 40.5
2006104750, 0
2006102437, 0
2006103694, 42.5
2006101246, 0
2006101672, 30.5
2006102548, 37.5
2005104222, 46.5
2006101822, 0
2005100706, 0
2003103250, 32
2005000115, 0
2006105047, 0
2006103115, 43
2006102524, 40.5
2006101675, 40
2006103334, 38.5
2005101066, 0
2006104507, 46.5
2005101603, 47
2005103679, 34.5
2006100757, 36
2006100061, 35
2006103430, 34
2007100640, 40.5
2006102446, 45
2006100307, 34
2004101855, 40.5
2005102704, 33.5
2006102803, 37
2004101069, 0
2003100169, 0
2006103865, 38.5
2005103784, 27
2006104756, 43.5
2006104558, 48
2007102020, 0
2006100640, 43
2005104576, 0
2007101921, 39
2006102026, 44.5
2006104432, 41.5
2007100616, 0
2005102866, 0
2007104375, 37
2005101954, 0
2007103655, 47.5
2007101321, 28.5
2005103037, 0
2006101864, 40.5
2001102023, 0
2004104138, 0
2005100814, 43
2006101978, 39.5
2006103739, 45.5
2006102140, 27.5
2006101528, 32
2005104660, 32
2006200022, 0
2007100595, 37
2006104600, 42
2005102362, 0
2006102185, 43
2006104363, 36.5
2004100301, 0
2006102710, 28.5
2006104111, 45.5
2006103790, 47
2006102005, 43
2006103625, 33
2005103943, 39
2007103433, 43
2006102398, 41.5
2007104144, 45
2005104438, 41.5
2006200145, 35.5
2006200121, 39
2007103565, 34.5
2006104426, 0
2006104747, 0
2005103415, 38.5
2006101747, 45
2006100823, 23.5
9900223, 0
2006102032, 41
2007102824, 33.5
2006103493, 0
2005100910, 0
2006102143, 0
2007100193, 41.5
9900442, 0
2006101957, 42
2005104123, 36
2006101075, 42.5
2006101342, 38
2007300379, 42
2005300115, 36.5
2007103625, 33
2006104561, 43
2004103430, 33.5
9903832, 0
2006104921, 31
2006102500, 36.5
2007103031, 40.5
2006102119, 41.5
2007100016, 44.5
2006100922, 41
2005103829, 40.5
2007101942, 44.5
2006200330, 20.5
2005104189, 35.5
2007103646, 46
2004101474, 37
2006100166, 39.5
2006103796, 29.5
2006101858, 44
2006101126, 32.5
2006000097, 0
2007102038, 36
2007101330, 35.5
2007102128, 0
2005104444, 24.5
2005102158, 26
2005104399, 0
2007100025, 42
2006103859, 48
2005104777, 37
2002104312, 0
2006101429, 34.5
2004101891, 0
2006100328, 0
2006101606, 21.5
2005102458, 0
2006100340, 48.5
2006102416, 0
2003101807, 0
2006104006, 30.5
2006104834, 37
2006101348, 29
2004101606, 23
2006100853, 43
2006103088, 38.5
2006000085, 30.5
2006000088, 32.5
2006101534, 37
2006100223, 42.5
2003200197, 13.5
2005100268, 27
2007103370, 14.5
2005100775, 17.5
2007102662, 39
2006103733, 43
2006200142, 34.5
2005104288, 0
2006103562, 33.5
2000102413, 0
2006104330, 0
2005101153, 37
2006100574, 0
2006101816, 29.5
2005102635, 45
2006104444, 40
2005104285, 0
2006100850, 43
2005102929, 28.5
2006102182, 16.5
2005100139, 0
2007101750, 43.5
2007102299, 41.5
2006100898, 48.5
2006104198, 33.5
2006101987, 42.5
2004104483, 47
2006102989, 39
2006101204, 45
2006101699, 27.5
2007102530, 39.5
2006104555, 40
2006103160, 0
2006103166, 38
2005100655, 0
2007103226, 43.5
2003102932, 0
2006104591, 32.5
2006102980, 39.5
2006103169, 47
2006104480, 0
2005100205, 44
2004103433, 40
2006200133, 28.5
2005104003, 40
2002100415, 37.5
2007103556, 21.5
2006100886, 45.5
2006102596, 44.5
2006104447, 0
2006103628, 39.5
2006300481, 36
2006102389, 36
2007101648, 45
2004100085, 38.5
2007103703, 46
2006102320, 50
2007102230, 40.5
2007100748, 0
2002101714, 12.5
2006102017, 46.5
2005102905, 21
2006102107, 34
2007103709, 39.5
2006000100, 18
2005000113, 0
2006100430, 27.5
2006103559, 49.5
2006100967, 42.5
2007100421, 44.5
2006100289, 45
2006104909, 44
2006102044, 0
2006104777, 32
2007101819, 48
2006100943, 36
2004102188, 40
2002102572, 15.5
2005100697, 40
2006102236, 16
2007103874, 43
2002100184, 30
2005102431, 0
2007102215, 40.5
2006102998, 43
2005100286, 41
2006101666, 40
2006200318, 36.5
2006102413, 44
2005104456, 0
2006101072, 34
2006103580, 28
2005103718, 24
2006101945, 0
2007102080, 40
2003100619, 34
2006100790, 39
2006100970, 0
2006103934, 46
2006103145, 22.5
2007100397, 48
2006104177, 0
2006104825, 27.5
2006101405, 34
2006102296, 38.5
2006104996, 24.5
2006104153, 25
2005300013, 43
2005104117, 28.5
2006102167, 26
2007102632, 46.5
2006103274, 36.5
2006104708, 32.5
2006102770, 38.5
2006101933, 40.5
2004102197, 43
2007200112, 22
2004101246, 0
2006105044, 45.5
2004102905, 23
2005103697, 0
2005102260, 13
2006100664, 0
2006102455, 32.5
2006103655, 45
2005101729, 38
2006100793, 30.5
2006102272, 31.5
2006100187, 0
2006103154, 46.5
2006104312, 40
2006100004, 0
2004101342, 0
2006100658, 44
2004100373, 0
2004101807, 0
2006100883, 42.5
2006103034, 37.5
2006102284, 44.5
2006104585, 46.5
2006101912, 47
2006102848, 0
2006103391, 39
2005103115, 0
2006104597, 0
2005101591, 46.5
2006102368, 32
2001103358, 36

FINAL EXAMS: "OBJECTION"

You may examine your final papers on Tuesday, June 24, between 13:30 and 17:00.

Final Exam Information

The final will be held on June 11, 2008 at 09:00. Each student must take the exam in the assigned room. Those whose names are not on the room list will not be admitted to the exam in that room.

Cihad Acar - Beril Çakıroğlu NH 101
Sibel Çalışkan - Burcu Hüsrevoğlu NH 105
Kemal Işık - Müge Özbek NH 301
Eray Özcan - Hisar Uyar NH 305
Mesut Uysal - Gürkan Zorer NH 203

Students must bring their student ID cards.

Final Exam Topics

The final exam will cover the whole semester, with a heavy emphasis on the part starting with section D of the syllabus, “Reason and Revolution.”
You are advised to review major trends and developments of the early modern era, focusing on the connections between the early modern and modern periods in world history. You should then concentrate on the material covered between March 21 and May 23, taking into account lectures, textbook, and primary source readings.

WOMEN, POWER, MODERNITY / Arzu Öztürkmen

The first wave of the women’s movement, beginning mid-19th C.

• Raising demands on education, marriage, property, wage, and voting rights
• Developing as a result of the mutual impact between ideas developed since the Enlightenment & the French revolution and the material effects of industrial revolution
  (The role of the labor movement, the change in the middle class bringing new demands on political rights)

The concept of women’s emancipation as a discourse of national narrative, where healthy and educated women would raise a healthy and progressive nation.

The shift from Ottoman feminism to Republican concept of women’s emancipation, granting public rights while closing the chapter on domestic rights, until the women’s movement of the 1980s.

Remembering Olympe de Gouge, Virginia Wolfe, Nezihe Muhittin and Halide Edip Adıvar

THE END OF EMPIRES / Yücel Terzibaşoğlu – May 23, Friday

Empires as the dominant (and long-lasting) state form over the known history of the humankind (compared with city states and nation-states)

Empire is characterised by a flexible form of rule because:

- it establishes indirect methods of rule through distinct contracts with each region in the empire

- it exercises power through intermediaries who enjoy autonomy within their domains in return for compliance and delivery of tribute

This flexibility makes it adoptable to different social structures

Imperial expansion could be very rapid

But also disintegration could be very quick because:

- dominated regions are weakly integrated

- regional power holders have the power to defect

- subjugated populations keep distinct identities, memories and grievances

Some consequences of the collapse of old empires (Ottomans, Habsburgs and Romanovs) at the beginning of the 20th century:

1) the disruption of the basic state structure by dividing a single non-national multi-ethnic entity into a number of notionally ‘national’ but in fact equally multi-ethnic states

2) the attempt to turn these plural entities into homogeneous nation-states had high human costs

Middle East after the First World War

Establishment of different territorial states in the former Ottoman provinces under colonial rule (mandate regimes).

Syria and Lebanon (France)

Iraq, Palestine and Trans-Jordan (Britain)

Mandate: Rule under the new principles of the League of Nations (with eventual self determination)

Balfour Declaration of 1917: establishment of a Jewish national home in the region

Uprisings in the 1920s and 1930s (in Iraq, Palestine, Syria, Egypt)

Colonial policy in the region

Establishment of central administrations (bureaucracy, army, new borders, laws)

Alliance with large landowners (e.g. creation of large landowners from tribal leaders in Iraq)

The impact of white settler communities (French in Algeria, European Jews in Palestine)

GREAT WAR, RUSSIAN REVOLUTION, INDIAN NATIONALISM / Meltem Toksöz; May 12 - 14 - 16

World War I, 1914-1918

Nationalism and imperial rivalry at the hearth of the war

A TOTAL WAR: WHY?

28 Allies (ALLIES) against Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria (CENTRAL POWERS)

Beyond armies and borders: Central powers mobilized 21 million, the Allies eventually called 40 million men

Industrial nature of conflict, mobilizing arms & destroying national economies

Consequences

Demise of 4 empires, Russian Empire, Ottoman Empire, Austria-Hungary, Germany

9 new nations, Yugoslavia, Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland

Ending British hegemony, primacy of Europe

UNLEASHING

Indian nationalism, from the 1920s

Turkish independence war, 1919

Bolshevik revolution, 1917

CRISIS

1908, Bosnia-Herzegovina annexed by Austria-Hungary

1911, Italy overtakes today’s Libya

1912-1913 Balkan Wars

Imperial rivalry between Germany and the British Empire, by the 1910s with almost equal industrial output

Nationalism and ethnic, economic, colonial ambitions

1871-1914 escalation of rivalry

Europe with powerful nations: Belgium in 1830, Italy in 1861, Germany in 1871

Still a hotbed of nationalism in Eastern Europe and the Balkans -- the Ottoman empire’s Christians, Austria-Hungary’s Slavic peoples

Germany backing both Ottoman and Austria-Hungarian empires

Green, Central powers & German Colonies,
Purple, Allied and colonies, yellow neutral

The Fronts of the War

WESTERN FRONT : Along a line between northern France and the English channel

EASTERN (Russian) Front, later including Poland

The DARDANELLES

IMPERIAL RIVALRY IN ASIA, Japan versus China

The Last 2 Years

Stalemate by the end of 1916

Italy entering war as an Allied Force

In 1917 Germany decides on submarine war

April 1917 the US enters the war

Germany driven out of France in October 1918

January 1918 , Wilson’s 14 Points

The Russian Revolution / Meltem Toksöz – May 14, Wednesday

1917 Bolshevik Revolution

1905 Revolution

1917 October Revolution

19th century Russia

Dynastic monarchy under the Romanovs

19th c capitalism developing under the monarchy with the support of a landed aristocracy

Multiethnic, multiconfessional, multilingual empire

1861 emancipation of serfs

1860 railroads & coal, iron & steel industries

1870s repression of peasants -intelligentsia

1876 Land & Freedom Party assasinating the reformer despot Tsar Alexander II

1905

Imperial rivalry with Japan over Korea and Manchuria, 1904-1905 Russo-Japanese War

Bloody Sunday Massacre: workers marching to the palace in Petrograd

Unrest: workers

Insurrections: peasants

Demonstrations: students

Mutinies: army and navy

New urban councils: SOVIET and DUMA

Early 1917

Protest across society, strikes, mutinies, demonstrations in St. Petersburg(Petrograd-Leningrad)

February: Protesters march to the palace, TSAR abdicated-- unplanned and incomplete Revolution ending Romanovs

Provisional government and the Petrograd Soviet of Workers & Soldiers

Between February and October struggle of the government & the SOVIET

Late 1917

Government refuses what the people most want: ending the war

Promised land reform is also refused, further dissatisfying the peasantry

Lenin: proletariat revolution but under strict discipline and organization

Lenin and Bolsheviks overpowers Russian social Democrat Party

Bolsheviks organize all Soviets: ALL POWER TO THE SOVIETS - PEACE LAND BREAD

October 24th, armed insurrection under Trotsky: 10 DAYS THAT SHOOK THE WORLD

OCTOBER REVOLUTION

The Bolshevik Party declares 2 decrees, on peace and on land

Brest-litovsk 1918

“Dictatorship of the Proletariat”

No immediate victory - opposition to Bolsheviks

Civil war, 1918-1920 between Red Army and the Whites

Lenin and his demise

1921, end of civil war with 10 million dead and a devastated economy after 7 years of war

NEW ECONOMIC POLICY of Lenin: Market economy and small private business

Bolsheviks continue to argue for a complete revolution, Lenin dies 1924

1928 Stalin triumphs in the party

Indian Nationalism / Meltem Toksöz – May 16, Friday

Mobilizing self-government, Hindus and Muslims

1906 All India Muslim League, joining forces with the National Congress

1905-1911 division and reunion of Bengal

1909 reforms: Indian member in viceroy’s council & Indian provincial representatives

1915 WWI India also at war with Germany

Protests all over India: Rowlatt Acts

1919 Amritsar Massacre

SWARAJ
Gandhi’s Satyagraha

Swaraj : Complete freedom, Tilak only spread after Amritsar Massacre

Satyagraha : Non-cooperation movement based on non-violence (ahimsa), 1920-22

Civil Disobedience Movement Quit India Movement 1930

Salt March & homespun cotton: economic self-sufficiency

1931 Gandhi & British agreement

1937 The India Act: a political compromise

Institutions of self-government: a two chambered legislative body but cabinet under British control

600 princes refused, Muslims feared

Muslim League

Jinnah, a Congress leader

1934 Jinnah leads the Muslim League, declaring that the Congress does not represent Muslims

The idea of Pakistan : land of the pure in Urdu

World War II 1939-1945

India again at war against Germany, promised independence after the war

1946 negotiations to end the war: the Muslim League : A Day of Action

Britain agrees to independence if Indians find a solution

1947 partition of Pakistan and India